For 1990-2009 cars

The rear suspension uses coil springs (2) over struts (1), and lightweight aluminum knuckles. Each wheel is mounted to a tri-link independent suspension system. The 3 links are identified as the inverted U channel trailing arm and the stamped front and rear lateral links (7).

Parallel links allow the rear wheels to deflect rearward when they hit a road hazard, but without moving the toe positive. This suspension system reduces unsprung and overall weight. Handling is improved with the independent action of each rear wheel. The links control lateral wheel deflection.

Several techniques have been employed in order to achieve this independent wheel movement. The tri-link design may be compared to a right angle. The wheel is located at the right angle formed by the lateral links and the trailing arm. The ends of the tri-links are hinged in order to provide vertical wheel travel. The solid links force the wheel to travel through a controlled arc with fore-aft position determined by the trailing arm, and lateral position determined by the lateral links.

### Knuckle

The knuckle is a machined aluminum casting. Do not use a hammer in order to loosen the suspension components attached to the knuckle. Do not pry or hammer on the aluminum knuckle. Following these instructions will avoid damage to the parts and the systems.

Aside from maintaining geometric wheel location, each portion of the suspension has additional functions. The knuckle supports the brake drum. All brake torque and braking forces are transmitted through the tri-links and the strut. The final duty of the links is to maintain the camber angle of the wheel throughout travel and allow for setting toe. The overall result of this rear suspension geometry is to maintain the rear wheels in a near vertical position at all times.

### Stabilizer Shaft

The stabilizer shaft is attached to the stabilizer link and extends forward. The stabilizer shaft is connected to the rear suspension support by 2 rubber bushings and mounting brackets.

### Hub and Bearing

A non-serviceable unit hub and bearing is bolted to the knuckle. This hub and bearing is a sealed, maintenance free unit.

### Struts

The suspension system should be periodically checked for shock absorbency, bushing durability, tightness of attaching bolts and for any visible damage, misalignment or excessive wear.