For 1990-2009 cars

## Two Speed Rear Axle Shift System Description and Operation Air-Operated

### Two Speed Rear Axle (Air-Operated)

The two speed rear axle air shift system has an electrical circuit that re-calibrates the speedometer to match the selected rear axle ratio. The main components of the system are air pressure operated and not affected by this circuit. Problems with the electrical circuit will only affect speedometer operation. The AXLE (w/RQ2) or CHAS (w/RQ3) circuit breaker supplies battery voltage during RUN or START through the ignition 3 voltage circuit to the two speed rear axle air shift switch. When the vehicle is in low gear no air pressure should be present at the two speed rear axle air shift switch. The two speed rear axle air shift switch should be in a normally closed position with no air pressure present. This supplies voltage through the air shift switch signal circuit to the speedometer adapter (early LG5) or the powertrain control module (late LG5/L18). The speedo adapter/powertrain control module changes calibration to match the low gear.

When the two speed rear axle shift control valve is placed in the HIGH position, the shift systems air pressure increases to about 35 kPa (5 psi.) opening the two speed rear axle air shift switch. Battery voltage is no longer present at the speedo adapter/powertrain control module. The speedometer then changes the calibration so that the speedometer reading matches road speed. As the shift system's air pressure increases, the two speed rear axle actuator shifts from low to high range.

When the two speed rear axle shift control valve is placed back in the LOW position, the shift systems air supply is closed off and residual air pressure is vented to the atmosphere through an exhaust port in the two-speed rear axle quick release valve. As the shift systems air pressure decreases, the two speed rear axle actuator shifts from high to low range. The two speed rear axle air shift switch returns back to its normally closed position supplying voltage to the speedo adapter/powertrain control module and re-calibrates back to low gear.

View the list of major components that make up the air operated two speed rear axle shift system below.

### Rear Axle Actuator -- Two Speed

The two speed rear axle actuator is mounted on the differential carrier. When air pressure is applied to the two speed rear axle actuator, the shift fork is actuated shifting the rear axle into the high range. When the air pressure is exhausted from the rear axle actuator, a return spring moves the shift fork back allowing the rear axle to return to the low range.

### Rear Axle Air Shift Switch -- Two Speed

The two speed rear axle air shift switch is a pressure controlled switch mounted near the rear axle. The air shift switch with no air pressure applied to it, is normally in the closed position. The switch will open when the systems air pressure of 5 psi is applied. This switch controls voltage to the speedo adapter/powertrain control module based on which gear the vehicle is currently in.

### Rear Axle Pressure Protection Valve -- Two Speed

The two speed rear axle pressure protection valve is mounted to the brake pedal bracket. The pressure protection valve is a normally closed pressure sensitive type control valve. It protects the vehicle's air system if a failure occurs in the two speed rear axle air shift system.

### Rear Axle Shift Control Valve -- Two Speed

Two two speed rear axle shift control valve is mounted to the shift lever or in the instrument cluster. The shift control valve is positioned by the driver to operate the two speed rear axle actuator at the rear axle. The driver selects the rear axle range by positioning the two speed rear axle control valve to the LOW gear axle range or the HIGH gear axle range. When the two speed rear axle shift control valve is in the LOW range, the shift control valve is closed and no pressure is supplied to the system. When the two speed rear axle shift control valve is placed in the HIGH position the shift control valve is opened allowing air pressure to the system.

### Rear Axle Shift Quick Release Valve -- Two Speed

The Bendix QR-N two-speed rear axle shift quick release valve is mounted on the frame side rail forward of the rear axle housing. The shift quick release valve quickly exhausts air pressure from the two speed rear axle actuator when the two speed rear axle is shifted from high range into the low range.

### Speedometer Adapter

The speedometer adapter is used to match the ratio of the speedometer to the ratio of the rear axle. The speedometer adapter gives an accurate speedometer reading when the rear axle is shifted from one range to the other. When voltage is present at the speedo adapter it calibrates for low gear and with the voltage removed the speedometer adapter reads the high gear of the rear axle.

## Two Speed Rear Axle Shift System Description and Operation Electric-Operated

### Two Speed Rear Axle (Electric-Operated)

The two speed rear axle electric shift system utilizes a two speed rear axle shift motor to shift axle range either up or down. The shift motor is controlled by a two speed rear axle shift relay. The AXLE circuit breaker supplies battery voltage during RUN or START through the ignition 3 voltage circuit to the two speed rear axle shift relay. When the two speed rear axle driver control switch is in the LOW position, the switch is open, the relay is de-energized, and voltage is present at the speedo adapter (early LG5) or the powertrain control module (late LG5/L18) calibrating it for low gear.

When the two speed rear axle driver control switch is placed in the HIGH gear position, the shift motor relay control circuit is closed to ground, removing voltage from the speedo adapter/powertrain control module and energizing the two speed rear axle shift relay. The energized relay allows current to flow through the high gear shift motor control circuit to the shift motor. Inside the shift motor, current flows through closed contacts of the high range switch and motor to ground which starts the motor rotating. Current also continues from common motor terminal through a low range switch and to ground through the resistor. As the motor begins to rotate the gear, a cam pin (low range) on the gear ramps up and opens the low range switch. The path to ground is open and a diode prevents the speedo adapter/powertrain control module from being energized. The motor rotation continues to shift the axle to high range. As the shift is completed, a cam pin (high range) opens the high range switch, opening the circuit and removing power from the motor. Motor rotation is stopped quickly by means of dynamic braking through a resistor. At this point the gear will have rotated 180 degrees. A break in torque by the driver allows spring force to move the swivel pin and shift fork in the appropriate direction for axle range change. When the opposite axle range is selected by the driver, the process is repeated by the motor turning 180 degrees in the same direction.

View the list of major components that make up the air operated two speed rear axle shift system below.

### Rear Axle Driver Control Switch -- Two Speed

On manual transmission models, the two speed rear axle driver control switch is mounted onto the manual transmission shift lever. On automatic transmission models, the two speed rear axle driver control switch is mounted to the instrument panel or on the shift tower. The two speed rear axle driver control switch is positioned by the driver in order to operate the two speed rear axle shift motor at the rear axle. The driver selects the rear axle range by positioning the two speed rear axle driver control switch to the LOW or HIGH axle range.

### Rear Axle Shift Motor -- Two Speed

The two speed rear axle shift motor is mounted to the differential carrier. The two speed rear axle shift motor consists of a motor, a gear controlled slider block, a high range switch, and a low range switch. The shift motor rotates a worm gear which turns another gear which moves an eccentric pin in the slot area of the slider block changing spring compression. The slider block uses spring compression to move a swivel pin and shift fork into the appropriate direction for axle range change.

### Rear Axle Shift Relay -- Two Speed

The two speed rear axle shift relay is mounted to the crossmember in front of the rear axle housing. When the two speed rear axle driver control switch is in the HIGH range, a ground is supplied to the two speed rear axle shift relay. The two speed rear axle shift relay then actuates the two speed rear axle shift motor to the HIGH range. When the two speed rear axle driver control switch is returned to the LOW range, the two speed rear axle shift relay is de-energized. The two speed rear axle shift motor then returns to the LOW range.

### Speedometer Adapter

The speedometer adapter is used to match the ratio of the speedometer to the ratio of the rear axle. The speedometer adapter gives an accurate speedometer reading when the rear axle is shifted from one range to the other. When voltage is present at the speedo adapter it calibrates for low gear and with the voltage removed the speedometer adapter reads the high gear of the rear axle.