For 1990-2009 cars

### Circuit Description

The powertrain control module (PCM) uses a common 5-volt reference 1 circuit as a sensor feed. This circuit supplies 5 volts to the following sensors:

The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor

The PCM monitors the voltage on the 5-volt reference 1 circuit. This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) sets if the voltage is out of range.

This DTC sets if the 5-volt reference circuit is shorted to ground. When the 5-volt reference circuit or signal circuits are shorted to a voltage, both DTCs P1635 and P1639 set. The following components or circuits need to be inspected:

• | The MAP sensor

• | The throttle position (TP) sensor

• | The fuel level sensor

• | The engine oil pressure sensor

### Conditions for Running the DTC

The engine is running.

### Conditions for Setting the DTC

The 5-volt reference circuit is out of range for more than 2 seconds.

### Action Taken When the DTC Sets

• | The control module illuminates the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) on the second consecutive ignition cycle that the diagnostic runs and fails.

• | The control module records the operating conditions at the time the diagnostic fails. The first time the diagnostic fails, the control module stores this information in the Failure Records. If the diagnostic reports a failure on the second consecutive ignition cycle, the control module records the operating conditions at the time of the failure. The control module writes the operating conditions to the Freeze Frame and updates the Failure Records.

### Conditions for Clearing the MIL/DTC

• | The control module turns OFF the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) after 3 consecutive ignition cycles that the diagnostic runs and does not fail.

• | A current DTC, Last Test Failed, clears when the diagnostic runs and passes.

• | A history DTC clears after 40 consecutive warm-up cycles, if no failures are reported by this or any other emission related diagnostic.

• | Clear the MIL and the DTC with a scan tool.

### Diagnostic Aids

Using the Freeze Frame/Failure Records data may aid in locating an intermittent condition. If you cannot duplicate the DTC, the information included in the Freeze Frame/Failure Records data can help determine how many miles since the DTC set. The Fail Counter and Pass Counter can also help determine how many ignition cycles the diagnostic reported a pass and a fail. Operate the vehicle within the same Freeze Frame conditions such as RPM, load, vehicle speed, temperature etc. that you observed. This will isolate when the DTC failed. For an intermittent condition, refer to Intermittent Conditions .

### Test Description

The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.

1. The 5-volt reference circuits for the sensors are connected together inside the PCM. Both DTCs P1635 and P1639 set at the same time indicates a 5-volt reference circuit is shorted to a voltage.

2. The 5-volt reference circuits for the sensors are connected together inside the PCM. When only DTC P1635 is set, this indicates a short to ground on one of the 5-volt reference circuits.

3. This step isolates the 5-volt reference circuit from the sensor signal circuit.

4. This step determines if the 5-volt reference circuits or the fuel level sensor signal circuit are only shorted when the fuel pump is enabled. You may have to enable the fuel pump a couple of times to see if the voltages increase. Inspect the fuel pump harness thoroughly for being shorted to the fuel tank pressure sensor or the fuel level sensor.

5. The 5-volt reference circuits may be shorted to another PCM circuit. The shorted circuit may not be apparent when the PCM harness connector is disconnected. Testing continuity from each 5-volt reference circuit isolates the shorted circuit.

Step | Action | Values | Yes | No
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Schematic Reference: Engine Controls Schematics
1 | Did you perform the Diagnostic System Check-Engine Controls? | -- | Go to Step 2 | Go to Diagnostic System Check - Engine Controls
2 |

1. Install a scan tool.
2. Start the engine.
3. Idle the engine for 2 minutes.
4. Monitor the DTCs using a scan tool.

Did both DTCs P1635 and P1639 fail this ignition?

--

Go to Step 5

Go to Step 3

3 | Did DTC P1635 fail this ignition? | -- | Go to Step 9 | Go to Step 4
4 | Important: If DTCs P1635 and P1639 set, proceed to step 5. If only DTC P1635 sets, proceed to step 9.

1. Turn ON the ignition, with the engine OFF.
2. Review the Freeze Frame/Failure Records data for this DTC and observe the parameters.
3. Turn OFF the ignition for 15 seconds.
4. Start the engine.
5. Operate the vehicle within the conditions required for this diagnostic to run, and as close to the conditions recorded in the Freeze Frame/Failure Records as possible. Special operating conditions that you need to meet before the PCM will run this diagnostic, where applicable, are listed in Conditions for Running the DTC.
6. Select the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) option, the Specific DTC option, then enter the DTC number using the scan tool. You will have to select P1635 and P1639 to determine if both DTCs set at the same time.

Does the scan tool indicate that DTC P1635 or P1639 set this ignition?

--

Go to Step 5

Go to Diagnostic Aids

5 | While idling the engine, monitor the voltages for the following sensors:

• | The fuel level sensor

• | The engine oil pressure sensor

• | The TP sensor

• | The MAP sensor

Does the scan tool display any of the voltages at or above the specified value?

5 V

Go to Step 16

Go to Step 6

6 |

1. Turn OFF the engine, leaving the ignition ON.
2. Monitor the following voltages using a scan tool:

• | The MAP sensor

• | The TP sensor

• | The engine oil pressure sensor

• | The fuel level sensor

3. Enable the fuel pump using the scan tool.

Does any of the voltages increase when the fuel pump was turned ON?

--

Go to Step 11

Go to Step 7

7 |

1. Turn OFF the ignition.
2. Disconnect the PCM harness connector C1. Refer to Powertrain Control Module Replacement .
3. Turn ON the ignition, leaving the engine OFF.
4. Connect the DMM to ground.
5. Probe the other lead of the DMM to each 5-volt reference circuit at the PCM harness connector for the following components:

• | The MAP sensor

• | The engine oil pressure sensor

• | The TP sensor

Do any of the circuits measure more than the specified value?

5.1 V

Go to Step 12

Go to Step 8

8 | Important:

• | For detailed circuit information, refer to Engine Controls Schematics .

• | Before proceeding, remove the following fuses:

- | The ignition 0 fuse located in the left instrument panel (IP) electrical center

- | ECM 1 fuse located in the underhood electrical center

- | ECM B fuse located in the underhood electrical center

1. Disconnect the following components:

• | The MAP sensor

• | The TP sensor

• | The fuel level sensor

• | The engine oil pressure sensor

2. Test continuity from each 5-volt reference circuit to all other PCM circuits at the PCM harness connector using the DMM. Example: probe one lead to the MAP sensor 5-volt reference at the PCM harness connector circuit and probe the other lead to each terminal at the PCM harness connector. This must be performed for each 5-volt reference circuit. Refer to Testing for Continuity in Wiring Systems.

Do any of the circuits indicate a resistance within the specified range?

0-2 ohms

Go to Step 13

Go to Step 15

9 |

Important: For detailed circuit information, refer to Engine Controls Schematics .

1. Turn OFF the ignition.
2. Disconnect the PCM connector C1. Refer to Powertrain Control Module Replacement .
3. Connect the test lamp to B+.
4. Probe the test lamp to the PCM connector 5-volt reference circuits for the following components:

• | The MAP sensor

• | The engine oil pressure sensor

Does the test lamp illuminate for any of the circuits?

--

Go to Step 14

Go to Step 10

10 | Test continuity from each 5-volt reference circuit to all other PCM circuits at the PCM harness connector using the DMM. Example: probe one lead to the MAP sensor 5-volt reference at the PCM harness connector circuit and probe the other lead to each terminal at the PCM harness connector. This must be performed for each 5-volt reference circuit. Refer to Testing for Continuity in Wiring Systems.

Do any of the circuits indicate a resistance within the specified range?

0-2 ohms

Go to Step 13

Go to Step 15

11 | Repair the short between the fuel pump circuit and the appropriate 5-volt reference circuit or signal circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Is the action complete? | -- | Go to Step 17 | --
12 | Repair the short to voltage on the appropriate 5-volt reference circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Is the action complete? | -- | Go to Step 17 | --
13 | Repair the short between the appropriate 5-volt reference circuit and the PCM circuit that had continuity. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Is the action complete? | -- | Go to Step 17 | --
14 | Repair the short to ground on the appropriate 5-volt reference circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you complete the repair? | -- | Go to Step 17 | --
15 | Replace the PCM. Refer to Powertrain Control Module Replacement . Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 17 | --
16 | Repair the short to voltage on the appropriate signal circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you complete the replacement? | -- | Go to Step 17 | --
17 |

1. Use the scan tool in order to clear the DTCs.
2. Turn OFF the ignition for 30 seconds.
3. Start the engine.
4. Operate the vehicle within the Conditions for Running the DTC as specified in the supporting text.

Does the DTC run and pass?

--

Go to Step 18

Go to Step 2

18 | With a scan tool, observe the stored information, Capture Info. Does the scan tool display any DTCs that you have not diagnosed? | -- | Go to Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List | System OK