For 1990-2009 cars

### Engine Description

#### Cylinder Block

The cylinder block is an aluminum casting with four cast iron cylinder sleeves. The cylinder block has four in-line cylinders which are numbered 1 through 4 starting from the crankshaft pulley. The cylinder block contains coolant jackets through which coolant flows around the cylinders, to cool the cylinder block and maintain a constant operating temperature.

#### Crankshaft

The crankshaft is cast nodular iron with eight counterweights. Oil holes run through the center of the crankshaft to supply oil to the connecting rods, bearings, pistons and other components. The end thrust load is taken by the thrust washers installed at the center number three bearing journal.

#### Connecting Rod and Piston

The connecting rods are forged steel, heat treated and shot peened. The connecting rod incorporates the full-floating type pin. The pistons are cast aluminum. The piston rings are of a low tension type to reduce friction. The top compression ring is plated with chromium for abrasion resistance. The second compression ring is gray iron. The oil ring is a 3-piece spring construction.

#### Oil Pan

The oil pan is constructed of stamped steel and is mounted to the lower crankcase. The oil pan includes a baffle that helps prevent the oil from shifting away from the oil pump suction pipe during hard turns, acceleration or stopping.

#### Cylinder Head

The cylinder head is an aluminum casting with pressed-in valve guides and valve seat insets. The fuel injection nozzles are located in the intake ports.

#### Valves

There are two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder. There are two valve springs per valve. Positive valve stem seals are used on all valves.

#### Camshaft

There is one camshaft that is used to operate all 16 valves. The camshaft is made of cast iron.

#### Camshaft Drive

The camshaft is belt driven and a mechanical tensioner is used to retain the proper timing belt tension.

#### Intake and Exhaust Manifold

The intake manifold is made of aluminum. The exhaust manifold is cast iron.