For 1990-2009 cars

### Fuel Metering System Components

The fuel metering system is made up of the following parts:

• | The fuel injectors.

• | The throttle body.

• | The fuel rail.

• | The fuel pressure regulator.

• | The PCM.

• | The crankshaft position sensor.

• | The camshaft position sensor.

• | The fuel pump.

• | The fuel pump relay.

### Basic System Operation

The fuel metering system starts with the fuel in the fuel tank. An electric fuel pump, located in the fuel tank with the gauge sending unit, pumps fuel to the fuel rail through an in-pipe fuel filter. The fuel pump is designed to provide fuel at a pressure above the pressure needed by the fuel injectors. A fuel pressure regulator in the fuel rail keeps fuel available to the fuel injectors at a constant pressure. Unused fuel is returned to the fuel tank by a separate pipe. For further information on the fuel tank, in-pipe filter, and fuel pipes, Refer to Fuel Supply Component Description

### Accelerator Controls

The accelerator control system is cable-type. There are no linkage adjustments. Therefore, the specific accelerator control cable must be used.

### Throttle Body Unit

The throttle body has a throttle plate to control the amount of air delivered to the engine. The TP sensor (2), and IAC sensor (1) are also mounted on the throttle body.

Vacuum ports located behind the throttle plate provide the vacuum signals needed by various components.

### Fuel Rail

The fuel rail assembly is made up of the left hand rail (5), which delivers fuel to the even cylinders (2,4,6) the right hand rail (1), which delivers fuel to the odd cylinders (1,3,5) the fuel injectors (4), and the fuel pressure regulator assembly (3) which are mounted to the lower section of the intake manifold and distributes fuel to the cylinders through the individual injectors.

Fuel is delivered to the fuel inlet tube (2) of the fuel rail by the fuel pipes. The fuel then goes through the fuel rail to the fuel pressure regulator. The fuel pressure regulator maintains a constant fuel pressure at the fuel injectors. Remaining fuel is then returned to the fuel tank.

### Fuel Injector

The MULTEC 2 MPFI fuel injector assembly is a solenoid operated device, Controlled by an on-board computer called the powertrain control module (PCM), that meters fuel to a single engine cylinder. The PCM energizes the high-impedance (12.0 ohms) solenoid (2) to open a normally closed ball valve (3). This allows fuel to flow into the top of the injector (1), past the ball valve, and through a director plate at the injector outlet. The director plate has precision holes that control fuel flow, generating a spray of finely atomized fuel at the injector tip. Fuel from the injector tip is directed at the intake valve, causing it to become further atomized and vaporized before entering the combustion chamber.

The eight digit part number (2) is identified on the fuel injector body (1). A four digit number build date code is located to the far left of the part number.

### Fuel Pressure Regulator

The fuel pressure regulator is a diaphragm-operated relief valve with fuel pump pressure on one side and manifold pressure on the other. The function of the fuel pressure regulator is to maintain the fuel pressure available to the fuel injectors at 3 times barometric pressure, adjusted for engine load.

The fuel pressure regulator is mounted on the fuel rail and may be serviced separately.

If the fuel pressure is too low, poor performance and DTC P0171 could result. If the pressure is too high, excessive odor and/or DTC P0172 may result. Refer to Fuel System Pressure Test .

### Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve

The purpose of the idle air control (IAC) valve is to control engine idle speed, while preventing stalls due to changes in engine load. The IAC valve, mounted in the throttle body, controls bypass air around the throttle plate. By moving a conical valve, known as a pintle, in (to decrease air flow) or out (to increase air flow), a controlled amount of air can move around the throttle plate. If RPM is too low, the PCM will retract the IAC pintle, resulting in more air being bypassed around the throttle plate to increase RPM. If RPM is too high, the PCM will extend the IAC pintle, allowing less air to be bypassed around the throttle plate, decreasing RPM.

The IAC pintle moves in small steps called counts.

During idle, the proper position of the IAC pintle is calculated by the PCM based on battery voltage, coolant temperature, engine load, and engine RPM. If the RPM drops below a specified value, and the throttle plate is closed (TP sensor voltage is between 0.20-0.74), the PCM senses a near stall condition. The PCM will then calculate a new IAC pintle position to prevent stalls.

If the IAC valve is disconnected and reconnected with the engine running, the idle RPM will be wrong. In this case, the IAC has to be reset.

The IAC resets when the key is cycled ON then OFF.

When servicing the IAC, it should only be disconnected or connected with the ignition OFF in order to keep from having to reset the IAC.

The position of the IAC pintle affects engine start up and the idle characteristics of the vehicle. If the IAC pintle is open fully, too much air will be allowed into the manifold. This results in high idle speed, along with possible hard starting and a lean air/fuel ratio. DTC P0507 may set. If the IAC pintle is stuck closed, too little air will be allowed in the manifold. This results in a low idle speed, along with possible hard starting and a rich air/fuel ratio. DTC P0506 may set. If the IAC pintle is stuck part way open, the idle may be high or low and will not respond to changes in engine load.

### Throttle Position (TP) Sensor

The nonadjustable TP sensor is mounted on the side of the throttle body opposite the throttle lever. It senses the throttle valve angle and relays that information to the PCM. Knowledge of the throttle angle is needed by the PCM to generate the required injector control signals (pulse). For further information, Refer to Information Sensors/Switches Description .

### Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor

The MAF sensor is attached to the front (air inlet side) of the throttle body and is used to measure the amount of air entering the engine. The PCM uses this information to determine the operating condition of the engine and to control fuel delivery. For further information, refer to Information Sensors/Switches Description .

### Fuel Pump Electrical Circuit

When the key is first turned ON, the PCM energizes the fuel pump relay for two seconds to build up the fuel pressure quickly. If the engine is not started within two seconds, the PCM shuts the fuel pump OFF and waits until the engine is cranked. When the engine is cranked and the RPM signal has been detected by the PCM, the PCM supplies 12 volts to the fuel pump relay to energize the electric in-tank fuel pump.

An inoperative fuel pump relay can result in long cranking times, particularly if the engine is cold.

An inoperative fuel pump would cause a no start condition. A fuel pump which does not provide enough pressure can result in poor performance.