For 1990-2009 cars

### Diagnostic Instructions

• | Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle prior to using this diagnostic procedure.

• | Review Strategy Based Diagnosis for an overview of the diagnostic approach.

• | Diagnostic Procedure Instructions provides an overview of each diagnostic category.

### DTC Descriptors

DTC P1396: Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Performance
DTC P1397: Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit

### Diagnostic Fault Information

Circuit | Short to Ground | Open/High Resistance | Short to Voltage | Signal Performance
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Rough Road Sensor Signal | P1397, P0317 | P1397, P0317 | P1397, P0317 | P1396
Low Reference | -- | P1397 | -- | P1396

### Circuit/System Description

The engine control module (ECM) identifies engine misfire by detecting variations in crankshaft speed. Crankshaft speed variations can also occur when a vehicle is operating over a rough road. The ECM receives a rough road signal by a rough road sensor or an electronic brake control module (EBCM), if equipped with the antilock brake system (ABS). The ABS can detect if the vehicle is on the rough surface based on wheel acceleration/deceleration data supplied by each wheel speed sensor. This information is sent to the ECM by the EBCM through the rough road signal circuit. The rough road sensor is a wheel speed sensor. The wheel speed sensor produces an alternating current (AC) voltage that increases with wheel speed. The ECM receives a rough road signal from a wheel speed sensor located at the left front wheel. The ECM can determine if the vehicle is on a rough road surface based on the signal from the wheel speed sensor. When the ECM detects a rough road condition, misfire diagnostics will be disabled.

### Conditions for Running the DTC

• | DTCs P0106, P0107, P0108, P0112, P0113, P0117, P0118, P0122, P0123, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0300, P0351, P0352, P0402, P0404, P0405, P0406, and P042E are not set.

• | The engine is running.

• | The engine coolant temperature is greater than 60°C (140°F).

• | The ignition 1 voltage is between 11-16 volts.

• | The DTCs run continuously when the above conditions are met.

### Conditions for Setting the DTC

#### P1396

The ECM detects excessive variation in the rough road signal from the wheel speed sensor.

#### P1397

The ECM detects an invalid rough road signal from the wheel speed sensor.

### Action Taken When the DTC Sets

DTC P1396 and P1397 are Type C DTCs

### Conditions for Clearing the DTC

DTC P1396 and P1397 are Type C DTCs

### Reference Information

#### Schematic Reference

Engine Controls Schematics

#### Connector End View Reference

Component Connector End Views

#### Electrical Information Reference

• | Circuit Testing

• | Connector Repairs

• | Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections

• | Wiring Repairs

#### DTC Type Reference

Powertrain Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Type Definitions

#### Scan Tool Reference

Control Module References for scan tool information

### Circuit/System Verification

1. Engine running, observe the DTC information with a scan tool. DTCs P1396 or P1397 should not set.
2. Operate the vehicle within the Conditions for Running the DTC to verify the DTC does not reset. You may also operate the vehicle within the conditions that you observed from the Freeze Frame/Failure Records data.

### Circuit/System Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector at the wheel speed sensor.
2. Ignition OFF, test for less than 5 ohms between the low reference circuit and ground.

• | Wheel Speed Sensor left side signal circuit terminal A

• | Wheel Speed Sensor left side low reference circuit terminal B

• | Wheel Speed Sensor right side signal circuit terminal B

• | Wheel Speed Sensor right side low reference circuit terminal A

⇒ | If greater than the specified range, test the low reference circuit for an open/high resistance. If the circuit tests normal, replace the ECM.

3. Ignition ON, test for 4.8-5.2 volts on the rough road signal circuit.

• | Wheel Speed Sensor left side signal circuit terminal A

• | Wheel Speed Sensor left side low reference circuit terminal B

• | Wheel Speed Sensor right side signal circuit terminal B

• | Wheel Speed Sensor right side low reference circuit terminal A

⇒ | If less than the specified range, test the rough road signal circuit for a short to ground or an open. If the circuit tests normal, replace the ECM.

⇒ | If greater than the specified range, test the rough road signal circuit for a short to voltage. If the circuit tests normal, replace the ECM.

4. If all circuits test normal, test or replace the wheel speed sensor.

### Component Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector at the wheel speed sensor.

Notice: Support the lower control arms in the normal horizontal position in order to avoid damage to the drive axles. Do not operate the vehicle in gear with the wheels hanging down at full travel.

2. Raise and support the drive wheels.
3. Engine running, place the transmission into 2nd gear or drive for an automatic.
4. Test for 70 mV AC between the rough road signal terminal and low reference terminal.

• | Wheel Speed Sensor left side signal terminal A

• | Wheel Speed Sensor left side low reference terminal B

• | Wheel Speed Sensor right side signal terminal B

• | Wheel Speed Sensor right side low reference terminal A

⇒ | If less than the specified range, replace the wheel speed sensor.

### Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the diagnostic procedure.

• | Rough Road Sensor Replacement

• | Control Module References for ECM replacement, setup, and programming