For 1990-2009 cars

#### Basic Knowledge Required

You must be familiar with some basic electronics to use this section of the service manual. This knowledge will help you to follow diagnostic procedures.

Notice: Lack of basic knowledge of this powertrain when performing diagnostic procedures could result in incorrect diagnostic performance or damage to powertrain components. Do not attempt to diagnose a powertrain problem without this basic knowledge.

Do NOT attempt to diagnose a transaxle problem without this basic knowledge.

Notice: If a wire is probed with a sharp instrument and not properly sealed afterward, the wire will corrode and an open circuit will result.

Diagnostic test probes are now available that will allow you to probe individual wires without leaving the wire open to the environment. These probe devices are inexpensive and are easy to install, and will seal the wire from corrosion.

#### Special Tools

You should be able to use the following tools:

• | A digital volt meter (DVM)

• | A circuit tester

• | Jumper wires or leads

• | A line pressure gage set.

The functional test procedure verifies the correct operation of electronic components in the transaxle, which eliminates the unnecessary removal of transaxle components.