For 1990-2009 cars

### Engine Block

The lost foam all aluminum engine block utilizes a deep skirt design for increased rigidity. The cylinders are positioned in a straight in-line orientation. The crankshaft bearing caps have a bearing beam or "ladder" for enhanced structural rigidity and vibration reduction.

### Oil Pan

A single piece cast aluminum oil pan contributes to crankshaft and block rigidity while reducing overall weight. The oil pan bolts to the bell housing as well as the block. This eliminates points of vibration and makes the complete powertrain act as a single casting. Jack screws are used to remove the oil pan.

### Crankshaft

The crankshaft is a nodular iron design.

### Connecting Rods

The connecting rods are forged powdered metal. The connecting rods and caps are of a fractured split design to improve durability and reduce internal friction. Care must be taken to ensure the mating surfaces are not damaged during service procedures.

### Pistons

The pistons are a full-floating design. The piston pins are a slip fit in the bronze bushed connecting rod and are retained in the piston by round wire retainers. There are 2 compression rings and 1 oil control ring.

### Cylinder Head

The cylinder head is also made of the lost foam aluminum for lighter weight and rapid heat dissipation. There are 4 valves per cylinder and the ports are of a high swirl design for improved combustion. The cylinder head gasket consists of a steel laminated construction.

### Valve Train

The engine utilizes dual overhead camshafts and roller followers for reduced friction, which results in improved gas mileage.

### Fuel System

A new electronic throttle control system is used on the engine. A throttle actuator control or TAC system eliminates cable linkage from the pedal to the throttle control module. All throttle movements are controlled by the powertrain control module (PCM).

### Oil Pump

The oil pump is gear driven directly from the crankshaft. The oil pump drive gear is a slip fit to the crankshaft.

### Engine Covers

There is a front engine cover and a rear engine cover, both are made of aluminum. The front engine cover and rear engine cover have "T" sealing joints and need to be removed after the oil pan. The front and rear covers need to be installed before the oil pan. Jack screws are used to remove the covers. Guide pins are used to aid in the installation of both covers.