Fuel Metering System Component Description. Oldsmobile Shelby Series 1 1999

For 1990-2009 cars

### Purpose

The function of the fuel and air control system is to manage fuel and air delivery to each cylinder to optimize the performance and driveability of the engine under all driving conditions. Fuel is distributed through the fuel rail to eight injectors inside the intake manifold. Each port fuel injector is located directly above each cylinders two intake valves. Fuel pressure is controlled by a pressure regulator mounted on the fuel rail. The throttle body regulates air flow from the air cleaner into the intake manifold, which then distributes this air to each cylinders two intake valves. This allows the driver to control the air flow into the engine, which then controls the power output of the engine.

### Components

The fuel metering system consists of the following parts:

• | The fuel supply components, such as the fuel tank, pump, pipes

• | The fuel pump electrical circuit

• | The fuel rail assembly, including:

- | The fuel pressure regulator assembly

- | The idle air control (IAC) valve

- | The throttle position (TP) sensor

- | The mass air flow (MAF) sensor

### Basic System Operation

The fuel supply is stored in the fuel tank. The fuel sender allows retrieval of fuel from the tank and also provides information on fuel level. An electric fuel pump contained in the fuel sender pumps fuel through the fuel pipe and the fuel filter to the fuel rail. The pump is designed to provide fuel at a pressure above the regulated pressure needed by the injectors.

### Accelerator Control Cable

The accelerator control system is cable type (1). There are no linkage adjustments. Therefore, the specific cable for each application must be used.

When work has been performed on accelerator controls, always make sure that all components are installed correctly and that linkage and cables are not rubbing or binding in any manner. The throttle should operate freely without bind between full closed and wide open throttle.

### Fuel Pump Relay

When the ignition switch is turned ON, before engaging the starter, the PCM energizes the fuel pump relay for two seconds, causing the fuel pump to pressurize the fuel system. If the PCM does not receive ignition reference pulses (engine cranking or running) within two seconds, it shuts off the fuel pump relay, causing the fuel pump to stop.

#### Intake Manifold and Throttle Body Components

(1) | Wiring Harness Assembly-Fuel Injector
(2) | Cartridge Regulator Assembly-Fuel Pressure
(3) | Ring-Back Up
(4) | O-ring-Regulator Seal
(5) | Filter-Regulator
(6) | O-ring-Regulator Seal
(7) | Clip-Regulator Retainer
(8) | Cap-Fuel Pressure Connection
(9) | Core Assembly-Fuel Pressure
(10) | O-ring-MFI Fuel Injector Upper
(11) | Clip-MFI Fuel Injector Retainer
(12) | Injector Assembly-MFI Fuel
(13) | O-ring-MFI Fuel Injector Lower
(14) | Rail Assembly-Fuel
(15) | Spacer-Throttle Body
(16) | Screw-Throttle Body Spacer Attaching
(17) | Gasket-Throttle Body
(18) | Body Assembly-Throttle
(19) | Screw-Throttle Body Attaching
(20) | O-ring-TP Sensor
(21) | Sensor-Throttle Position (TP)
(22) | Screw-TP Sensor Attaching
(23) | Screw-IAC Valve Attaching
(24) | Valve Assembly-Idle Air Control (IAC)
(25) | O-ring-IAC Valve Assembly
(26) | Bolt-Intake Manifold Attaching
(27) | Housing Assembly-Intake Manifold
(28) | Gasket-Intake Manifold
(29) | Spacer-Intake Manifold
(30) | Stud-Intake Manifold Cover Attaching
(31) | Washer-Cover Grommet
(32) | Grommet-Cover
(33) | Nut Cover Attaching

### Fuel Rail

(1) | Fuel Rail Assembly
(2) | Fuel Pressure Regulator
(3) | Fuel Pressure Connection Assembly
(4) | Fuel Injector

The fuel rail consists of five parts:

• | The fuel rail pipe that carries fuel to each injector

• | The fuel pressure regulator

• | The fuel pressure test port

• | The fuel rail ground strap

• | Eight individual fuel injectors

The fuel rail is mounted on the intake manifold and distributes fuel to each cylinder through the individual injectors.

Fuel is delivered from the pump through the fuel feed pipe to the inlet port of the fuel rail pipe. From the fuel feed inlet, fuel is directed to the front rail pipe, then a crossover to the rear pipe, then through the rear rail pipe to the fuel pressure regulator. Fuel in excess of injector needs flows back through the pressure regulator assembly to the outlet port of the fuel rail. Fuel then flows through the fuel return pipe to the fuel tank to begin the cycle again.

### Fuel Injector Assembly

(1) | Ball Valve
(2) | Director Plate
(3) | Injector Coil

The fuel injector is a solenoid device controlled by the PCM that meters pressurized fuel to a single cylinder. When the PCM energizes the injector coil, a normally closed ball valve opens, allowing fuel to flow past a director plate to the injector outlet. The director plate has holes that control the fuel flow, generating a dual conical spray pattern of finely atomized fuel at the injector outlet. Fuel from the outlet is directed at both intake valves, causing it to become further vaporized before entering the combustion chamber.

Fuel injectors will cause various driveability conditions if they will not open, are stuck open, leaking, or have a low coil resistance.

### Fuel Pressure Regulator

(1) | Regulator Assembly
(2) | Pressure Regulator Spring
(3) | O-Ring -- Backup
(4) | O-Ring -- Large
(5) | Filter Screen
(6) | Relief Valve
(7) | O-Ring -- Small

The fuel pressure regulator is a diaphragm-operated relief valve with fuel pump pressure on one side, and regulator spring pressure and intake manifold vacuum on the other side. The regulator function is to maintain a constant pressure differential across the injectors at all times. The pressure regulator compensates for engine load by increasing fuel pressure as engine vacuum drops. The pressure regulator is mounted on the fuel rail.

The cartridge regulator is serviced as a separate component. When servicing the fuel pressure regulator, insure that the back-up O-ring, large O-ring, filter screen, and small O-ring are properly placed on the pressure regulator.

With the ignition ON, and engine OFF (zero vacuum), system fuel pressure at the pressure test connection should be 333-376 kPa (48-55 psi). If the pressure regulator supplies fuel pressure which is too low or too high, a driveability condition will result. Refer to Fuel System Pressure Test for information on diagnosing fuel pressure conditions.

### Throttle Body Assembly

(1) | Valve Assembly -- Idle Air Control
(2) | Sensor -- Throttle Position
(3) | Screws -- Throttle Position Sensor Attaching
(4) | Screws -- Idle Air Control Valve Attaching

The throttle body contains a single throttle valve which controls the amount of air delivered to the engine. A coolant passage under the throttle valve heats the throttle body.

The throttle position (TP) sensor and idle air control (IAC) valve are mounted on the throttle body. The TP sensor and minimum air stop are not adjustable.

### Throttle Position (TP) Sensor

The TP sensor is a potentiometer that is mounted on the throttle body and provides the PCM with information on throttle valve angle. The PCM provides a 5 volt reference signal and a ground to the TP sensor and the sensor returns a signal voltage that changes with throttle valve angle. At closed throttle, close to 0 degrees, the TP sensor output signal is below 1 volt, and at wide open throttle (WOT), more than 80 degrees, the TP sensor output signal is above 4 volts. Because the TP sensor is not adjustable, the PCM must account for build tolerances that could affect the TP sensor output at closed throttle. The PCM uses a learning algorithm so that it can correct for variations of up to 6 degrees of throttle angle.

The PCM uses TP information to modify fuel control based on throttle valve angle. For example, power enrichment occurs when the throttle angle approaches WOT. Acceleration enrichment occurs when the throttle angle increases rapidly, similar to an accelerator pump on a carburetor. A faulty TP sensor may cause various driveability conditions and should set a DTC.

Refer to Powertrain Control Module Description .

### Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve (Typical)

(1) | IAC Valve Assembly
(2) | Throttle Blade
(3) | Pintle

The purpose of the idle air control (IAC) valve is to control engine idle speed, while preventing stalls due to changes in engine load.

The throttle blade when closed allows a small amount of air into the intake manifold. However, most of the air for closed throttle engine operation passes through the IAC valve, bypassing the throttle blade. The IAC valve, mounted in the throttle body, controls air flow with a conical valve or pintle. By moving the pintle in towards the seat, air flow is decreased. By moving the pintle out away from the seat, air flow is increased.

The PCM moves the IAC pintle out if engine speed is too low, or in if engine speed is too high. The PCM controls IAC valve movement in small steps called counts. The IAC valve position, measured in counts away from the valve seat, can be displayed on the scan tool.

The scan tool displays IAC position in counts. Zero counts indicates the PCM is commanding the IAC to be driven all the way into a fully seated position. This is usually caused by a vacuum leak.

The higher the number of counts, the more air is being commanded to bypass the IAC pintle. Three hundred and twenty counts indicates a fully open position.

Prior to starting the engine and at idle, the PCM calculates the desired position of the IAC valve based on coolant temperature, engine load, engine speed, and battery voltage. While the throttle position is off idle, the IAC valve position follows or tracks throttle position to allow for smooth transitions from open to closed throttle.

If the IAC valve is disconnected or disabled with the engine running, the PCM may lose track of the IAC valve position causing erratic or incorrect idle speed. If this occurs, reset the IAC valve by doing the following:

1. The coolant temperature must be above 0°C (32°F).
2. The vehicle must be in Park (P) not Neutral (N).
3. Turn the ignition switch to Lock for 20 seconds.