For 1990-2009 cars

The oxygen sensor 1 (O2S-1) sends voltage signals that relate the difference in oxygen between the atmosphere and exhaust gas. Under normal driving conditions, except power enrichment mode, the PCM attempts to maintain a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio. The PCM can make corrections from a nominal 128 short/long term fuel trim value (0 percent correction) within a maximum window of 70-165 (-45 percent to +29 percent correction) without setting DTC P0171 or P0172. If the PCM determines a rich condition exists, the O2S-1 voltage is above 600 mV, it will decrease injector pulse width to maintain a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio. The short term fuel trim value will be between 70-128. If the PCM determines a lean condition exists, the O2S-1 voltage is below 300 mV, it will increase injector pulse width to maintain a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio. The short term fuel trim value will be between 128-165. When certain conditions have been met (ECT and closed loop), the PCM will go into a leaned fuel control mode by updating and using a total of 22 long term fuel trim cells for idle, cruise, accel, and decel. These cells update based on the short term fuel trim value. If the short term fuel trim value goes a certain number of counts in one direction, the long term fuel trim value will update in the same direction, in the cell that corresponds with the drive condition the vehicle was in. After approximately 2 minutes of being in each of the long term fuel trim cells, the PCM will enable the EVAP purge solenoid (pulling fuel from the EVAP canister) and a new set of long term fuel trim cells called purge long term fuel trim cells will be used. However, DTC P0172 is run before the purge cells are used and sets when the combined average of the long term fuel trim cells for idle and cruise is below the calibrated long term fuel trim value.

### Conditions for Setting the DTC

DTC P0172 will set if the LTFT value is less than 70, greater than -46 percent correction, when:

• | The condition exists for longer than 16 seconds.

• | The ECT is between 60-115°C (140-239°F).

• | The IAT is between -25° and +115°C (-13° and +239°F).

• | The MAP is greater than 28 kPa (auto) or 26 kPa (manual).

• | The engine speed is between 750-3,600 RPM (auto) or 850-3,410 RPM (manual)

• | The vehicle speed is less than 132 km/h (82 mph).

• | The fuel level is greater than 9.8 percent.

• | The barometric pressure is greater than 72 kPa.

• | No CAM, CKP, ECT, fuel injector, IAT, knock, MAP, misfire, TP, O2S-1, vehicle speed, P0446, P0601, P0602, or P1441 DTCs have been set

DTC P0172 diagnostic runs continuously once the above conditions have been met.

DTC P0172 is a type B DTC.

### Diagnostic Aids

DTC P0172 indicates the engine is running rich. The following are possible causes of a rich air/fuel mixture:

• | Fuel pressure high

• | Fuel injectors leaking

• | O2S-1 contaminated

• | Vacuum leak around MAP sensor

• | EVAP purge solenoid stuck open

• | Restricted exhaust or restricted air induction

To verify the system is running rich, use the scan tool to monitor O2S-1 and HO2S-2. If both sensors are above 600 mV, the system is running rich and the oxygen sensors are probably not at fault.